“We Have Found a Witch, May We Burn Her?”: A Pagan Case Study in Creating Liberatory Praxis for Rural American Minority Religious Freedom
Contextualizing sociological data, this paper argues that rural American Neopagans do not experience true religious freedom due to both societal prejudice and self-imposed limitations rooted in internalized “Witchphobia.” Using an interdisciplinary approach encompassing Pagan studies, feminist theory, spatial theory, Womanist theory, rural ethnography, historical analysis, and political theology, this research addresses community-building strategies, interfaith relations, and methods to navigate opposition to public expressions of minority faith. This work introduces the Stop Light Method for discerning safe community interactions, flexible solidarity frameworks for interfaith and inter-community activism, and contextualizes lessons in religious freedom unique to the sociology of American witchcraft, like the Satanic Panic. A case study in El Dorado County, California – the seat of Kevin McCarthy – demonstrates these theories in practice, revealing insights applicable across rural America. This paper contributes to broader discussions on religious freedom, minority religious practices, and the future of public Paganism in the U.S., offering actionable strategies toward religious equity and inclusion for all.